See circadian on Wiktionary
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.\nAncient Greek κίρκος (kírkos)bor.\nLatin circus\nLatin circum\nLatin circā\nProto-Indo-European *dyew-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *dyḗws\nProto-Italic *djous\nLatin diēs\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nOld French -ainder.\nMiddle English -an\nEnglish -an\nEnglish circadian\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"hawk\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"turn\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)ker-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κίρκος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"circus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"circum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"circā\", \"gloss\" : \"around\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"day\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"day\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sky\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dyew-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"amphikinetic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dyḗws\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*djous\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"diēs\", \"gloss\" : \"day\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-nos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ānos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ānus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ain\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-an\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-an\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"circadian\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"circadian\">\nFrom Latin circā (“around”) + diēs (“day”) + English -an.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.\nAncient Greek κίρκος (kírkos)bor.\nLatin circus\nLatin circum\nLatin circā\nProto-Indo-European *dyew-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *dyḗws\nProto-Italic *djous\nLatin diēs\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nOld French -ainder.\nMiddle English -an\nEnglish -an\nEnglish circadian\nFrom Latin circā (“around”) + diēs (“day”) + English -an. Compare circannual.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "circadian (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "circalunar"
},
{
"word": "circalunidian"
},
{
"word": "circannual"
},
{
"word": "circasemidian"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English compound terms",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (turn)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dyew-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *dyḗws",
"English terms suffixed with -an",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Biology"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "infradian"
},
{
"word": "ultradian"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
13
]
],
"ref": "2000, Arnold Sameroff, et al: Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology, page 310:",
"text": "The circadian clock is involved in the regulation of the diurnal sleep-wake cycle, […].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
27
],
[
71,
80
]
],
"ref": "2002, Jill B. Becker, Behavioral Endocrinology, page 483:",
"text": "To summarize, the circadian system, particularly the SCN, controls the circadian pattern of melatonin release in mammals.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
26
]
],
"ref": "2005, Paul Martin, Counting Sheep: The Science and Pleasures of Sleep and Dreams, page 114:",
"text": "The most obvious circadian rhythm is the daily cycle of sleep and activity.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"ref": "2014 April 5, “Quite interesting: A quietly intriguing column from the brains behind QI, the BBC quiz show. This week; QI orchids you not”, in The Daily Telegraph (Weekend), page W22:",
"text": "Circadian clocks developed early in evolution in single-celled organisms, before the animal and plant kingdom split from one another. The original clocks probably functioned to protect the cells from damage induced by high UV radiation.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
111,
120
],
[
196,
205
]
],
"ref": "2024, NTSB, Highway Investigation Report, HIR-24-05:",
"text": "In addition, the truck driver’s schedule involved sleeping at irregular times, including times when the body’s circadian rhythms are geared toward being awake. He was also awake at times when his circadian rhythms were geared toward being asleep. The time of the crash, about 1:36 a.m., is when sleepiness tends to be greater and performance capabilities are lower.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, relating to, or showing rhythmic behaviour with a period of approximately 24 hours; especially of a biological process."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"rhythmic",
"rhythmic"
],
[
"period",
"period"
],
[
"biological",
"biological"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) Of, relating to, or showing rhythmic behaviour with a period of approximately 24 hours; especially of a biological process."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hemeral"
},
{
"word": "nyctohemeral"
},
{
"word": "diurnal"
},
{
"word": "quotidian"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:daily",
"word": "circadian"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:daily",
"word": "daily"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:daily",
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"word": "diurnal"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:daily",
"word": "hemeral"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:daily",
"word": "nychthemeral"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:daily",
"word": "per diem"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:daily",
"word": "quotidian"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/səˈkeɪ.dɪ.ən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-circadian.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-circadian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-circadian.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-circadian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-circadian.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sɚˈkeɪ.di.ən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sɚˈkæd.i.ən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɝ.kəˈdi.ən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɝ.kəˈdaɪ.ən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "circadiari"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "circadien"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "circadiano"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "circadian"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "zirkadian"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "kirkádios",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κιρκάδιος"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "dægur-"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "sólarhrings-"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "laethúil"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "circadiano"
},
{
"alt": "かいじつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kaijitsu",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "晦日"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "całodobowy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "dwudziestoczterogodzinny"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "cirkadnyj",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "циркадный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "cirkadiannyj",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "циркадианный"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "denný"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "cirkadiálny"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "cirkadiánny"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "circadiano"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cyrkádnyj",
"sense": "relating to rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours",
"word": "цирка́дний"
}
],
"word": "circadian"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "circadien"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French circadien",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French circadien.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "circadiană",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circadieni",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circadiene",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "circadian",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circadiană",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circadieni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circadiene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circadianul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circadiana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circadienii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circadienele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circadiene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circadianului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circadienei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "circadienilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "circadienelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "circadian m or n (feminine singular circadiană, masculine plural circadieni, feminine/neuter plural circadiene)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian adjectives",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French"
],
"glosses": [
"circadian"
],
"links": [
[
"circadian",
"circadian#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "circadian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for circadian meaning in All languages combined (15.8kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative- accusative'",
"path": [
"circadian"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "circadian",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative- accusative'",
"path": [
"circadian"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "circadian",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive- dative'",
"path": [
"circadian"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "circadian",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive- dative'",
"path": [
"circadian"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "circadian",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.